Ramadhan, Muhammad Fikri Imbar (2023) PENGARUH NIKEL DAN PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO BESI COR KELABU UNTUK APLIKASI KOMPONEN BOILER PLTU. S1 thesis, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
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Abstract
Electricity is currently a primarily need, in Indonesia electricity use is predicted to increase every year because there are 81.229 million electricity customers, an increase of 102.6% from the initial target of electricity customers in 2021. With an electricity generation capacity reaching 73.74 GigaWatt (GW) with 36.98 GW is from PLTU. Electricity production at a PLTU utilizes a generator that is driven by heat energy in the boiler produced by the furnace. The process of feeding fuel into the furnace uses a conveyor in the form of a chain grate stoker. To increase the service life of the conveyor, the strength of the material used needs to be increased. One of the materials for stoker chain grates is cast iron to the JIS FCD 45 standard with a minimum tensile strength of 414 MPa and a hardness value of 187 HB. Considering cost, gray cast iron is considered more economical, but the combination of nickel and heat treatment can improve its mechanical properties along with changes in microstructure. The addition of nickel elements varying from 2.5% wt to 20% wt, as well as heat in the form of austempering and quenchtempering can increase the hardness and strength of cast iron. Austempering is carried out at a temperature of 250°C for 1 hour, with the same austenization at 850°C as an oil quench-tempering medium carried out at a temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The microstructure formed produces a phase matrix in the form of up to 78.12% austenite when adding 20% wt nickel with quench-tempering. The highest increase in hardness was found with the addition of 2.5% wt nickel, namely 319 HB or 28.62% of the initial hardness of 248 HB. The highest strength occurred when 10% nickel was added, namely 257 MPa or 31.52% of the initial strength of 176 MPa.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | |||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Listrik menjadi kebutuhan primer saat ini, di Indonesia penggunaan listrik diprediksi meningkat tiap tahunnya karena terdapat 81,229 juta pelanggan listrik meningkat 102,6% dari target awal pelanggan listrik tahun 2021. Dengan kapasitas pembangkit listrik mencapai 73,74 GigaWatt (GW) dengan 36,98 GW diantaranya berupa PLTU. Produksi listrik pada PLTU memanfaatkan generator yang digerakkan oleh energi panas pada boiler yang dihasilkan oleh furnace. Proses pengumpanan bahan bakar ke dalam furnace menggunakan conveyor berupa chain grate stoker, untuk menambah usia pakai conveyor maka kekuatan material yang digunakan perlu ditingkatkan. Salah satu material untuk chain grate stoker adalah besi cor dengan standar JIS FCD 45 dengan kuat tarik minimum 414 MPa dan nilai kekerasan 187 HB. Dengan pertimbangan biaya, besi cor kelabu dinilai lebih ekonomis, namun dengan perpaduan nikel serta perlakuan panas dapat meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya disertai perubahan struktur mikro. Penambahan unsur nikel divariasikan sebesar 2,5% wt hingga 20% wt, serta panas berupa austempering dan quench-tempering dapat meningkatkan sifat kekerasan dan kekuatan besi cor. Austempering dilakukan pada suhu 250°C selama 1 jam, dengan austenisasi yang sama pada 850°C quench-tempering media oli dilakukan pada suhu 400°C selama 1 jam. Struktur mikro yang terbentuk menghasilkan matriks fasa berupa austenit hingga 78,12% pada penambahan nikel 20% wt dengan quenchtempering. Peningkatan kekerasan tertinggi terdapat pada penambahan nikel 2,5% wt yaitu 319 HB atau 28,62% dari kekerasan awalnya sebesar 248 HB. Pada kekuatan terjadi peningkatan tertinggi pada penambahan nikel 10% yaitu 257 MPa atau 31,52% dari kekuatan awalnya sebesar 176 MPa. | |||||||||
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures |
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| Divisions: | 03-Fakultas Teknik 03-Fakultas Teknik > 27201-Jurusan Teknik Metalurgi |
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| Depositing User: | Muhammad Fikri Imbar Ramadhan | |||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 25 Oct 2023 11:53 | |||||||||
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2023 11:53 | |||||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/30612 |
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