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	bibo:abstract "This research was conducted at OI Pharmacy, CT Pharmacy, PB Pharmacy, CTB Pharmacy and IM Pharmacy under PT SKA using a lean ergonomics and kaizen approach. Lean ergonomics is a concept that combines lean thinking and an ergonomic approach aimed at improving productivity by reducing waste and human workload. This study aims to identify waste, physical workload, and mental workload in the over-the-counter drug dispensing process at pharmacies under PT SKA and to redesign the work process using the Kaizen approach through the 5S method (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke). The research methods included identifying waste using the 8 waste concepts and Value Stream Mapping (VSM), analyzing physical workload using %CVL, and analyzing mental workload using NASA-TLX. The results showed that the waste that often occurred in every pharmacy under PT SKA consisted of excess processing, motion, transportation, and waiting, with the total Value Added and Non-Value Added time greater than the standard time. Physical workload analysis shows that there is no physical fatigue, with the %CVL value for all workers being < 30%, but the mental workload is classified as high to very high for most workers. Improvements were proposed through the implementation of a Kaizen culture with a 5S approach, which included organizing the work area, standardizing service flows, improving layout, reducing non-value-added activities, and developing SOPs for over-the-counter medication services and pharmacy area cleanliness forms. The results of the proposed improvements showed a 32% reduction in processing time or waste in over-the-counter medication services. This study proves that redesigning work processes in pharmacies using lean ergonomics and Kaizen can improve process efficiency, reduce waste, and improve working conditions in pharmacy services."^^xsd:string;
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