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        "Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa",
        "Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa"
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      "userid": 27433,
      "divisions": [
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      "title": "INOVASI AIR-CAP SEBAGAI DISTRIBUTOR UDARAPRIMER PADA BOILER FLUIDIZED BED TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FLUIDISASI MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL BED PASIR SILIKA",
      "thesis_name": "sarjana",
      "referencetext": "Kale, A., Kamdi, N. R., Kale, P., & Yeotikar, A. A. (2017). A review paper on variable frequency drive. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4, 1281–1284.https:\/\/irjet.net\/archives\/V4\/i1\/IRJETV4I1229.pdfBasu, P. (2015). Circulating fluidized bed boilers design, operation and maintenance. Springer International Publishing. Fan, L. S., & Zhu, C. (1998). Principles of Gas-Solid Flows. Cambridge University Press.Feng, B. X., Miu, Z. Q., Pan, J. Q., Yu, Z. Y., Zhang, M., & Zheng, D. B. (2008).Test obtained pressure drop characteristics of three typical distributor plate nozzles in circulating fluidized bed boilers. Journal of Power Engineering, 1, 24-27.Genehr, G. A., da Silva, Á. R. S., Zinani, F. S. F., & Indrusiak, M. L. S. (2020). Fluidization of binary mixtures of biomass and coal with sand: an experimental study. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(6), 1–13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40430-020-02380-9Huang, Z., Deng, L., & Che, D. (2019). Experimental and CFD simulation studies on Bell-type air nozzles of CFB boilers. Applied Sciences, 9(18), 3805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app9093805Kunii, D., & Levenspiel, O. (1991). Fluidization Engineering (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.Li, W. H., & Guo, X. H. (2009). Numerical calculation and structural optimization of resistance characteristics of T-type air cap in CFB boiler. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 4, 48-52.Liu, X., Zhu, G., Asim, T., Zhang, Y., & Mishra, R. (2021). The innovative design of air caps for improving the thermal efficiency of CFB boilers. Energy, 221, 119844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2021.119844Cáceres-Martínez, L. E., Guío-Pérez, D. C., & Rincón-Prat, S. L. (2023). Significance of the particle physical properties and the Geldart group in the use of correlations for the prediction of minimum fluidization velocity of biomass–sand binary mixtures. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-023-04523-5Niu, C. (2018). Research on resistance characteristics and structure optimization of bell type cap in CFB boiler [Master's thesis, North China Electric Power University].Mirek, P., & Klajny, M. (2018). Air nozzle design criteria for protection against the backflow of solids in CFB boilers. Applied Thermal Engineering, 141, 503–515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.015Qassem, E. S., Mohammed, S. H., & Sarmad, T. N. (2020). Effect of fluidization on pressure drop and power consumption in packed bed columns. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 871, 012008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/871\/1\/012008Raza, N., Mehdi, R., Ahsan, M., Mehran, M. T., Naqvi, S. R., & Uddin, E. (2023). Optimizing design and operational parameters for enhanced mixing and hydrodynamics in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers: An experimental and CFD-based approach. Applied Sciences, 13(16), 9317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13169317Renda, S., Lasobras, J., Soler, J., Herguido, J., & Menéndez, M. (2024). Dependence of the fluidizing condition on operating parameters for sorption�enhanced methanol synthesis catalyst and adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024Varghese, B., Mandal, S., Pal, M., & Biswal, K. C. (2023). Experimental investigation of the behavior of non-spherical particles in a small-scale gas�solid fluidized bed. Advanced Powder Technology, 34(6), 103958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apt.2023.103958Zhu, J., Ouyang, Z., & Lu, Q. (2019). Numerical simulation on pulverized coal combustion and NOx emissions in high temperature air from circulating fluidized bed. Journal of Thermal Science, 28, 261-268.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11630-019-1131-7",
      "official_url": "https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/y2papdxc",
      "abstract": "Boiler Fluidized Bed (FBB) banyak diterapkan pada pembangkit listrik dan gasifikasi biomassa karena efisiensi tinggi serta potensi reduksi emisi. Komponen penting pada FBB adalah nosel udara (air-cap) yang menentukan distribusi udara, konsumsi energi, dan efisiensi operasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji kinerja air-cap tipe lonceng melalui pendekatan teoretis dan uji dingin (cold test) menggunakan material bed pasir silika. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan erosi dan retakan air-cap terutama dipicu oleh gesekan fluida pembawa partikel pengotor serta tumbukan partikel besar yang mempercepat penipisan permukaan. Kecepatan minimum fluidisasi (Umf) pada tinggi unggun 20 cm tercapai pada 130 cm\/s, sedangkan pada 30 cm meningkat menjadi 145 cm\/s, dan pada 40 cm belum tercapai hingga 160 cm\/s sehingga masih berada pada kondisi fixed bed. Perbandingan desain menunjukkan air-cap inovatif mampu menurunkan pressure drop hingga ~35% dan konsumsi daya blower hingga 41%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa desain inovatif lebih efisien dalam distribusi udara dan berpotensi memberikan penghematan energi signifikan dibandingkan air-cap konvensional.",
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