eprintid: 58286 rev_number: 17 eprint_status: archive userid: 26540 dir: disk0/00/05/82/86 datestamp: 2026-02-12 02:23:15 lastmod: 2026-02-12 02:23:15 status_changed: 2026-02-12 02:23:15 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show contact_email: 3334210064@untirta.ac.id creators_name: Rizki, Havizh Muhammad creators_id: 3334210064 contributors_name: Hasanah, Indah Uswatun contributors_name: Mabruri, Efendi contributors_id: 199012142019032022 contributors_id: 197001051996031002 corp_creators: Universitas Sultan Ageng TIrtayasa corp_creators: Fakultas Teknik corp_creators: Jurusan Teknik Metalurgi title: PENGARUH KANDUNGAN KARBON DAN TEGANGAN PEMBEBANAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KETAHANAN FATIK SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-Cr-xC ispublished: pub subjects: TA subjects: TJ subjects: TS divisions: Metalurgi full_text_status: restricted keywords: Shape Memory Alloy Fe-based, Kandungan Karbon, Tegangan Pembebanan, Pembebanan Siklik abstract: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) berbasis Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-Cr-C memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan kerangka struktur tahan gempa karena sifatnya yang mampu mengingat bentuk setelah mengalami deformasi. Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh kandungan karbon sebesar 0,04%, 0,1%, dan 0,22% serta tegangan pembebanan dengan nilai 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, dan 90% dari yield strength terhadap ketahanan fatik, struktur mikro, dan sifat mekanik berupa kekerasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan proses hot rolling dan solution treatment. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, SMA memiliki struktur mikro berupa fasa austenite yang stabil pada temperatur ruang. Nilai kekerasan paduan akan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya kandungan karbon dan tegangan pembebanan. Selain itu, pada paduan dengan karbon 0,22% akan terbentuk karbida yang menyebabkan tingginya nilai kekerasan dibandingkan dengan paduan lainnya. Nilai kekerasan paling tinggi diperoleh pada paduan C dengan tegangan pembebanan 90%, yaitu sebesar 315,9 HV. Fasa Ɛ-martensite akan semakin banyak terbentuk seiring dengan meningkatnya tegangan pembebanan, tetapi mengalami penurunan seiring peningkatan kandungan karbon. Fasa Ɛ-martensite terbentuk paling banyak pada paduan A dengan tegangan pembebanan 90%, yaitu sebesar 18,6%. Paduan A dengan pembebanan 60% memiliki ketahanan fatik paling tinggi, mencapai lebih dari 2.000.000 siklus. date: 2026 date_type: published pages: 106 institution: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa department: Teknik Metalurgi thesis_type: sarjana thesis_name: sarjana referencetext: [1] S. A. Faridzi, F. S. Azizah, F. Mustafa, A. N. Putri and e. al, "Pemahaman Gempa Bumi Di Indonesia Melalui Pendekatan Data Mining," Jurnal Pengabdian Kolaborasidan Inovasi IPTEKS, pp. 2-3, 2024. [2] 2025. [Online]. Available: https://dibi.bnpb.go.id/statistik_menurut_waktu. [3] X. Qiang, Y. Wu and dkk, "Research Progress and Applications of Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys on Reinforcing Steel and Concrete Bridges," Applied Sciences, pp. 1-18, 2023. [4] C. Fang, C. Qiu and dkk, "Shape MemoryAlloys for Civil Engineering," Materials, pp. 1-3, 2023. [5] Farretto, D. Ventura and dkk, "Shape memory and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Si-based shape memory alloy: Effect of crystallographic texture generated during additive manufacturing," Materials & Design, pp. 1-16, 2023. [6] Mazzer, d. Silva and dkk, " Revisiting Cu based shape memory alloys: Recent developments and new perspectives," Journal of Materials Research, pp. 1-11, 2021. [7] A. Algamal, H. Abedi and dkk, "Manufacturing, processing, applications, and advancements of Fe-based shape memory alloys," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, pp. 1-7, 2024. [8] C. Fang, C. Qiu and Y. Zheng, "Shape MemoryAlloys for Civil Engineering," Materials, vol. 16, 2023. [9] H. Peng, F. Song and dkk, " Role of carbon in improving the shape memory effect of Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni alloys by thermo-mechanical treatments," Smart Materials and Structures, pp. 1-10, 2015. [10] M. Rohmah, E. C. Sendouw and dkk, "Effect of Hot Rolling and Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy," Metalurgi, pp. 1-7, 2023. [11] E. Mabruri, F. Citrawati and e. al, "The Influence of Carbon Level on Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, and Shape Memory Effect of Fe-14Mn-4Si-8Ni-10Cr-xC Steel at Large Pre-strain," Physica Scripta, pp. 1-14, 2025. [12] Y. M. Hashemi, M. Kadkhodaei and e. al, " Fatigue Analysis of Shape Memory Alloy Helical Springs," Mechanical Sciences, pp. 3-20, 2019. [13] Maryadi and R. Saputra, "Aalisa Kekuatan Baja Karbon AISI 1045 pada Uji Fatik Tipe Rotary Bending," Jurnal Baut dan Manufaktur, vol. 04, pp. 1-7, 2022. [14] H. Niu, Y. Sun and e. al, " Study on the Effect of Solid Solution Treatment on the Bending Fatigue Property of Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys," Metals, vol. 14, pp. 1-13, 2024. [15] M. Nematollahi, K. S. Baghbaderani and dkk, "Application of NiTi in Assistive and Rehabilitation Devices: A Review," Bioengineering, 2019. [16] S. N. Saud, E. Hamzah and dkk, "A Review on Influence of Alloying Elements on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys," Jurnal Teknologi, 2013. [17] M. Golrang, M. Mohri and dkk, "Tailoring functional properties of a FeMnSi shape memory alloy through thermo-mechanical processing," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, pp. 1-13, 2024. [18] T. Sawaguchi, T. Maruyama and dkk, "Design Concept and Applications of FeMnSi-Based Alloys from Shape-Memory to Seismic Response Control," Materials Transactions, pp. 2-10, 2016. [19] N. S. Dunne, " Effect of Si on the reversibility of stress-induced martensite in Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloys," Acta Materialia, 2010. [20] M.-M. Pan, X.-M. Zhang and e. al, "On the Significance of C and Co on Shape Memory Performance of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy," Materials Science & Engineering A , 2020. [21] L. Del-Río, R. Gómez and dkk, "Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities," Materials, 2023. [22] G. E. Totten, "Steel Heat Treatment Metallurgy and Technologies," in Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007, pp. 15-166. [23] A.Cladera, B.Weber and dkk, " Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures," Construction and Building Materials, pp. 2-12, 2014. [24] M.-M. Pan, X.-M. Zhang and dkk, "Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni based shape memory alloy: Thermal and stress-induced martensite," Materials Science & Engineering, pp. 1-5, 2020. [25] Outokumpu, "Hanbook of Stainless Steel," Avesta, Outokumpu Oyj, 2013. [26] N. E. Dowling, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Fourth ed., Virginia: Pearson, 2013. [27] R. Hossain, F. Pahlevani and V. Sahajwalla, "Evolution of Microstructure and Hardness of High Carbon Steel under Different Compressive Strain Rates," Metals, pp. 2-8, 2018. [28] W.Y.Jang, L.Delaey and e. al, "Microscopic Observation of y-Phase and E- and a’-Martensite in Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys," Materials Characterization, pp. 1-3, 1995. [29] W. Li, S. Zhuo and e. al, "Microstructural mechanism underlying the stress recovery behavior of a Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloy," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, pp. 2-6, 2024. [30] M. Maulana, "Proses Pengerjaan Panas," pp. 2-4, 2019. [31] J. L. Dossett, G. E. Totten and e. al, ASM Handbook Heat TReating of Irons and Steels, vol. 4D, United States of America: ASM International, 2014. [32] J. I. V. Gonzalez, D. F. Gonzalez and a. L. F. V. Gonzalez, Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Steel, C. P.Bergmann, Ed., Asturias: Springer, 2022. [33] ASTM International, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, United States: ASTM International, 2013. [34] ASTM International, Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials, United States: ASTM International, 2002. [35] ASTM International, Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials, United States: ASTM International, 2016. [36] ASTM International, Standart Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens, United States: ASTM International, 1995. [37] U. Gurol and C. Kurnaz, "Effect of Carbon and Manganese Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Austenitic Steel," Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 2-12, 2020. [38] W. Prendota, K. Goc and e. al, "Influence of Carbon Addition to Fe-Mn-Si Type Alloy on the Structure and Shape Memory Effect," Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, pp. 1-8, 2018. [39] G. E.Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, Philadelphia: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1961. [40] I. Nikulin, F. Yoshinaka and e. al, "Effect of Carbon on the Low-cycle Fatigue Resistance and Microstructure of the Fe–15Mn–10Cr–8Ni–4Si Seismic Damping Alloy," Materials Science & Engineering, pp. 1-9, 2019. [41] E. M. a. K. Katakalos, "Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing on Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys in Prestress Conditions," Materials, vol. 16, pp. 1-12, 2023. [42] R. Abbaschian and R. E.Reed-Hill, Physical Metallurgy Principles, Boston: PWS Publishing, 1994. [43] S.Kajiwara, "Characteristic Features of Shape Memory Effect and Related Transformation Behavior in Fe-based Alloys," Materials Science and Engineering, pp. 67-88, 1999. [44] J. Wang and X. Zhang, "Twinning Effects on Strength and Plasticity of Metallic Materials," Materials Research Society , vol. 41, pp. 1-6, 2016. [45] W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, Materials Science and Engineering, 10 ed., United States of America: Wiley, 2018, p. 191. [46] N. V. Caenegem, L. Duprez and e. al, "Effect of Carbon on the Shape Memory Mechanism in FeMnSiCrNi SMAs," ISIJ International, vol. 47, 2007. [47] T. Matsumura and T. Tsuchiyama, "Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen on Work-hardening Behavior in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel," ISIJ International, vol. 61, 2021. [48] H. Bhadeshia, Worked examples in the Geometry of Crystals, Cambridge: The Institute of Metals, 2006. funders: Badan RIset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) citation: Rizki, Havizh Muhammad (2026) PENGARUH KANDUNGAN KARBON DAN TEGANGAN PEMBEBANAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KETAHANAN FATIK SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-Cr-xC. S1 thesis, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/1/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_Fulltext.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/2/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_01.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/3/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_02.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/4/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_03.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/5/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_04.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/6/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_05.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/7/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_Ref.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/8/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_Lamp.pdf document_url: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/58286/9/Havizh%20Muhammad%20Rizki_3334210064_CP.pdf