Barleany, Dhena Ria and Alwan, Hafid and Heriyanto, Heri Effect of Starch and Chitosan Addition on Swelling Properties of Neutralized Poly (Acrylic Acid)-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels Prepared by Using γ-Irradiation Technique. Jurnal Atom Indonesia. ISSN 2356532 (Submitted)

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Abstract

Superabsorbent hydrogel is a polymer with a 3D network that has attracted the attention of scientist and industrialist because of its amazing ability to absorb and retain water and aqueous solutions. The most widely used and commercially available superabsorbent hydrogels are synthetic K-acrylate. In this novel study, superabsorbent hydrogels have developed with the use of natural ingredients to have more biodegradable properties. Superabsorbent hydrogels were synthesized from acrylic acid, Cassava starch, and chitosan by using γ-irradiation method under different experimental condition. The γ-irradiation technique was chosen to produce hydrogels that are free of residues that may remain when chemical crosslinkers are used. The effects of irradiation dose, acrylic acid composition, also the amount of Cassava starch and chitosan to the characters of produced hydrogels were analyzed. The resulted polymers were further characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to evaluate the structure. Thermal behavior of superabsorbent products at different neutralization doses was tested with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The FTIR data exhibit that the grafting reaction was succesfully implemented in this work. SEM analysis shows that the hydrogel produced from this study is porous and there is a reduction in pore size with the addition of starch and chitosan. It can be concluded that the addition of Cassava starch and chitosan affects the acrylic acid-based superabsorbent properties which are pore size, thermal behaviour, gel content, antibacterial activity, and swelling capacity in water, salt, and urea solutions. The best hydrogel was obtained by adding 0.25 g of Cassava starch, 0.25 g of chitosan, using 50% acrylic acid neutralization and 5 kGy γ-ray radiation dose. The graft polymers possess the maximum swelling capacity of 670 g g-1 for distilled water, 520 g g-1 for NaCl solution, and 767 g g-1 for urea solution (relative to the dry weight of each). These products were sterile from E-coli bacteria and have the potential to be applied as superabsorbent resin for various fields.

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