Nurhasanah, Aliya (2026) OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF SONICATION INTENSITY AND OXIDIZING AGENT ON OPEFB FRACTIONATION: SEMI-QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT UNDER MILD CONDITION. Master thesis, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

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Abstract

This research explores the optimization strategy of oil palm empty fruit bunches lignocellulose fractionation. The primary goal is to fractionate cellulose with maximized purity and crystallinity by developing an efficient process that uses low chemical concentrations, reduced temperatures, and shortened processing times. This study particularly analyzes the influence of sonication intensity and oxidizing agent concentration on the cellulose characteristic produced. through the quantitative assessment, cellulose purity was calculated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) peak intensity data and validated with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Meanwhile, cellulose crystallinity was determined from FTIR peaks and confirmed through X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The fractionated cellulose morphology was also observed using scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result demonstrates a trade-off relationship between cellulose purity and crystallinity, where optimizing one parameter often compromises the other. Ozone proved effective in achieving high cellulose purity within a short sonication time; however, it potentially damages the cellulose’s crystalline structure. Conversely, Na〖ClO〗_2 (sodium chlorite) tended to be better preserve crystallinity, although its delignification rate was slower, particularly at longer sonication times. Statistical optimization using Minitab software predicted optimal conditions with ozone at concentration of 0.929 gr/ 250mL and a sonication time of 13.4 minutes, yielding predicted purity and crystallinity up to 87.31% and 82.01%, respectively. Nevertheless, the potential of sodium chlorite warrants further exploration, especially regarding variations in sonication time, to evaluate its efficiency and stability as an alternative oxidizing agent. This research provides important insights for developing a more sustainable and efficient cellulose fractionation process from OPEFB lignocellulose.

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