Alawiyah, Rizqi and Maemunah, Shiva (2025) SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI KATALIS TULANG IKAN BANDENG DENGAN FOTOKATALIS ZnO/ TiO2. S1 thesis, FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA.
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Abstract
The increasing use of fossil energy has encouraged the development of renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Used cooking oil was selected as the feedstock due to its low cost and abundance, although it contains a high level of free fatty acids (FFA). To improve reaction efficiency and biodiesel quality, a combination of CaO catalyst derived from milkfish bones and TiO₂–ZnO photocatalyst was employed. Milkfish bone was chosen as the biodiesel catalyst material because it contains a high CaO content, has an optimal porous structure, stable active phases, a high conversion yield (96–98%), and is available in large quantities as low-cost local waste, making it superior to cattle or chicken bones. This study examines the effects of the oil-to-methanol ratio (1:6, 1:8, 1:10), catalyst loading (4%, 5%, 6%), and UV light exposure on the yield and characteristics of biodiesel. The methods used include impregnating the CaO catalyst with TiO₂–ZnO and synthesizing biodiesel through a simultaneous esterification–transesterification reaction. The resulting biodiesel was analyzed for density, viscosity, and %yield. Optimal results were obtained at a 1:8 ratio, 5% catalyst loading, and with UV light exposure, producing a yield of 91.2%, a density of 878 kg/m³, and a viscosity of 2.88 mm²/s. UV irradiation improved the resulting yield, and all parameters met the SNI 7182:2015 standards, including an acid value of <0.5 mg-KOH/g, density of 850–890 kg/m³, and viscosity of 2.3–6.0 mm²/s.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | ||||||
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| Additional Information: | Penggunaan energi fosil yang terus meningkat mendorong pemanfaatan energi terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Minyak jelantah dipilih karena murah dan melimpah, namun kadar FFA-nya tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi reaksi dan kualitas biodiesel, digunakan kombinasi katalis CaO dari tulang ikan bandeng dan fotokatalis TiO₂–ZnO. Tulang ikan bandeng terpilih sebagai bahan katalis biodiesel karena kandungan CaO tinggi, struktur porus yang optimal, fase aktif stabil, yield konversi tinggi (96-98%), serta ketersediaan limbah melimpah, murah secara lokal, dan lebih unggul dibandingkan tulang dari sapi atau ayam. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh rasio minyak:metanol (1:6, 1:8, 1:10), massa katalis (4%, 5%, 6%), dan cahaya UV terhadap yield dan karakteristik biodiesel. Metode yang digunakan meliputi impregnasi katalis CaO dengan TiO₂–ZnO dan sintesis biodiesel melalui reaksi esterifikasi–transesterifikasi simultan. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan dianalisis terhadap densitas, viskositas, dan %yield. Hasil optimal diperoleh pada rasio 1:8, katalis 5%, dan adanya cahaya UV dengan yield 91,2%, densitas 878 kg/m³, dan viskositas 2,88 mm²/s. Penggunaan sinar UV meningkatkan yield yang didapatkan serta seluruh parameter telah memenuhi standar SNI 7182:2015, termasuk bilangan asam <0,5 mg-KOH/g, densitas 850–890 kg/m³, dan viskositas 2,3–6,0 mm²/s. | ||||||
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QD Chemistry |
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| Divisions: | 03-Fakultas Teknik 03-Fakultas Teknik > 24201-Jurusan Teknik Kimia |
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| Depositing User: | Mrs Rizqi Alawiyah | ||||||
| Date Deposited: | 19 Dec 2025 07:23 | ||||||
| Last Modified: | 19 Dec 2025 07:23 | ||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/56645 |
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