Haerunnisa, Riva and Handayani, Nanda Octania (2025) IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN ENKAPSULASI TANAMAN HERBAL DAUN ZAITUN (OLEA EUROPAEA), TIN (FICUS CARICA), DAN BIDARA (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA) UNTUK BAHAN BAKU OBAT ANTIDIABETES. S1 thesis, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

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Abstract

Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia in 2019, with a mortality rate of approximately 57.42 deaths per 100,000 population. Although various diabetes medications have been developed, many cause a range of side effects. Therefore, the development of plant-based antidiabetic drugs is needed to minimize these adverse effects. Plant extracts are widely used as raw materials for medicine due to their abundant secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, which have antidiabetic potential. However, these bioactive compounds need to be encapsulated to protect them from degradation. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in Ziziphus mauritiana, Ficus carica L., and Olea europaea L. leaf extracts, evaluate their antidiabetic potential using molecular docking, determine the optimal type and mass of coating materials for encapsulation, and characterize the resulting encapsulated extracts. The procedure involved identification of active compounds using LC-MS/MS analysis, followed by molecular docking, plant extraction, and phytochemical testing. The resulting extracts were encapsulated using psyllium husk, maltodextrin, and carrageenan as coating agents. The encapsulated products were then characterized through FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The results showed that the active compounds found in olive and fig leaves have potential as antidiabetic agents, as demonstrated by docking score results. Fig leaves also showed potential as anti-inflammatory agents, supported by docking scores. Meanwhile, the active compounds in bidara leaves were found to potentially support brain health, also based on docking score results. The most effective encapsulating material was psyllium husk at a 1:3 ratio.

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