Erlianti, Zahrani (2025) DETERMINAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DI NEGARA ASEAN-5 TAHUN 2007-2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayas.
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Abstract
Income inequality is a crucial issue in development, especially in developing countries such as those in the ASEAN region. High GDP per capita does not automatically reduce inequality if it is not accompanied by equitable distribution of development outcomes. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence income inequality in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) during the period 2007–2023. The variables examined include GDP per capita, inflation, education, labor force, and unemployment, both in the short and long term. The analytical method used is dynamic panel data regression with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, specifically the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM). The results show that GDP per capita has a negative but insignificant effect on income inequality, while inflation has a negative and significant effect in reducing inequality in both the short and long term. On the other hand, education has a positive but insignificant effect, and both labor force and unemployment have a positive and significant effect in the short and long term, indicating that increases in these three variables tend to exacerbate income inequality. These findings highlight the importance of equitable access to education, job creation, and inflation control as key strategies for reducing income inequality in developing ASEAN countries.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | |||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan merupakan isu penting dalam pembangunan, terutama di negara berkembang seperti kawasan ASEAN. PDB per kapita yang tinggi tidak secara otomatis menurunkan ketimpangan jika tidak diikuti dengan pemerataan hasil pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di lima negara ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam) selama periode 2007–2023. Variabel yang diteliti mencakup PDB per kapita, inflasi, pendidikan, angkatan kerja, dan pengangguran, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dinamis Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dengan pendekatan System Generalized Method of Moments (SYSGMM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDB per kapita berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan sementara inflasi memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan dalam mengurangi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Sebaliknya, pendidikan berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dan angkatan kerja serta pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang yang artinya peningkatan ketiga variabel tersebut cenderung memperbesar ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pemerataan akses pendidikan, penciptaan lapangan kerja, dan pengendalian inflasi sebagai strategi utama dalam menekan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di negara-negara berkembang ASEAN. | |||||||||
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Income Distribution Inequality, GDP Per Capita, Inflation, Education, Labor Force, Unemployment, Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan, PDB Per Kapita, Inflasi, Pendidikan, Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran, Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). | |||||||||
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory | |||||||||
| Divisions: | 05-Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis 05-Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis > 60201-Program Sarjana Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan |
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| Depositing User: | Mrs Zahrani Erlianti | |||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2025 02:48 | |||||||||
| Last Modified: | 08 Sep 2025 02:48 | |||||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/53616 |
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