Safitri, Dina Lutfia (2025) HUBUNGAN ANTARA STADIUM KLINIS HIV DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS DI RSUD BANTEN TAHUN 2020–2024. S1 thesis, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
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Abstract
Introduction: Untreated HIV conditions can progress to AIDS, which is the terminal phase of HIV infection, making the body more susceptible to other infections called opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are generally not dangerous for healthy people but can be fatal if they affect people with immunosuppression, such as HIV/AIDS sufferers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the clinical stage of HIV and the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020–2024. Methods: This study is retrospective with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, and the sample size calculation used was the two-proportion comparison formula. The research data were analyzed univariatly and bivariatly using the SPSS 26.0. The research hypothesis was tested using the Chi-square statistical test and the Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate test. Results: The respondents in this study were 242 HIV/AIDS patients. The results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020-2024 was 0.06%, with the highest proportion being stage I (50.83%), stage III (26.45%), stage IV (14.88%), and stage II (7.85%). The prevalence of opportunistic infections was 45.45%. Of the 110 patients identified as having opportunistic infections, 141 infections were obtained. Some patients had one type of opportunistic infection (81.82%), two types of opportunistic infections (11.82%), and ≥ three types of opportunistic infections (6.36%). The proportion of opportunistic infections based on etiology was dominated by opportunistic bacterial infections (73.76%), opportunistic parasitic infections (13.48%), opportunistic fungal infections (6.38%), and opportunistic viral infections (6.38%). The most common opportunistic infections suffered by HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital were tuberculosis (44.68%) and toxoplasmosis (9.93%). Conclusions: Based on bivariate analysis, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the clinical stage of HIV and the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020–2024 with a p-value <0.001 and an odds ratio of 65.46 (95% CI; 28.31151.34).
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | |||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Latar Belakang: Kondisi HIV yang tidak ditatalaksana dengan baik dapat berprogres menjadi AIDS yang merupakan fase terminal dari infeksi HIV sehingga tubuh menjadi lebih rentan terkena infeksi lainnya yang disebut infeksi oportunistik. Infeksi oportunistik umumnya tidak berbahaya bagi orang yang sehat, tetapi dapat sangat fatal apabila mengenai orang dengan imunosupresi seperti pada penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stadium klinis HIV menurut WHO dengan kejadian infeksi oportunistik pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD Banten tahun 2020–2024. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling dan perhitungan besar sampel digunakan rumus perbandingan dua proporsi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 26.0. Hipotesis penelitian diuji menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square dan Mantelhaenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate. Hasil: Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 242 pasien HIV/AIDS (180 lakilaki dan 62 perempuan). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi HIV/AIDS di RSUD Banten tahun 2020-2024 adalah 0,06% dengan proporsi tertinggi adalah stadium I (50,83%), stadium III (26,45%), stadium IV (14,88%), dan stadium II (7,85%). Prevalensi infeksi oportunistik adalah 45,45%. Dari 110 pasien yang teridentifikasi mengalami infeksi oportunistik, diperoleh 141 jenis infeksi. Terdapat pasien yang memiliki 1 jenis infeksi oportunistik (81,82%), 2 jenis infeksi oportunistik (11,82%), dan ≥ 3 jenis infeksi oportunistik (6,36%). Proporsi infeksi oportunistik berdasarkan etiologinya didominasi infeksi bakteri oportunistik (73,76%), infeksi parasit oportunistik (13,48%), infeksi jamur oportunistik (6,38%), dan infeksi virus oportunistik (6,38%). Infeksi oportunistik paling banyak diderita oleh pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD Banten adalah tuberkulosis (44,68%) dan toksoplasmosis (9,93%). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stadium klinis HIV menurut WHO dengan kejadian infeksi oportunistik pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD Banten tahun 2020–2024 dengan nilai p <0.001 dan odds ratio 65.46 (IK 95% ; 28.31-151.34). | |||||||||
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | HIV clinical stage, opportunistic infection, HIV, AIDS stadium klinis HIV, infeksi oportunistik, HIV, AIDS | |||||||||
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine |
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| Divisions: | 07-Fakultas Kedokteran > 11201-Prodi Kedokteran 07-Fakultas Kedokteran |
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| Depositing User: | Dina Lutfia Safitri | |||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 02 Sep 2025 02:46 | |||||||||
| Last Modified: | 02 Sep 2025 02:46 | |||||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/51748 |
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