Fatimah, Intan (2023) STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI KARBOKSIMETILASI SELULOSA DALAM ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL DENGAN BANTUAN IRADIASI MICROWAVE. Master thesis, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
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Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which is a derivative of carboxymethylated cellulose, is a linear polymeric ether with a carboxymethyl group (-CH2-COOH) bonded to several OH groups of the glucopyranose monomer. The functional properties of CMC are as a thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent, and emulsifier. CMC can improve the quality of emulsified food products because of its properties as a binder, water retainer, stabilizer, and thickener. In the process of CMC, there are two processes, namely alkalization and carboxymethylation. The alkalization step is carried out using NaOH solution, which aims to activate OH groups on cellulose molecules and develop cellulose so that the development of cellulose can facilitate the diffusion of reagents for the next process, namely carboxymethylation. Carboxymethylation process with the addition of ClCH2COONa, stirring using a magnetic stirrer, and then heating. The heating process at this stage is a problem in the synthesis of CMC because it is relatively long. The length of reaction time in the heating process is related to kinetics, where the study of reaction kinetics examines the speed or rate of chemical reactions. In this research, a kinetic study of the eterification reaction assisted by microwave irradiation will be carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the reaction order during the CMC formation process and the kinetic constant of the carboxymethylation reaction based on the calculation of the CMC formation reaction order. Obtaining the optimum conditions in the synthesis of CMC, namely the temperature and time of the carboxymethylation reaction with the optimized reaction kinetics response, is the degree of substitution (DS). As well as produce CMC with characteristics such as purity, DS, viscosity, and pH in accordance with applicable standards. The experimental objects in this study were cellulose used as a raw material for making CMC, isopropyl alcohol as a reaction medium, and the heating process carried out in the carboxymethylation process carried out by a microwave reactor. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the synthesis of carboxymethylation of cellulose (CMC) takes place by following a 1st-order reaction with an activation energy value (Ea) of -2,567.0755 J/mol for the first experiment and 2,564.2870 J/mol for the second experiment and a collision factor (A) of 0.0715 s-1 for either the first or second experiment. And by using microwave irradiation, the carboxymethylation reaction can take place more quickly. This is because during the carboxymethylation reaction process, heat is produced from microwave electrical energy, which is transferred with the help of fans and heating elements around the microwaves so that heat can give rise to a solution (a mixture of alkaline cellulose and sodium monochloroacetate (Na-MCA)), and heat is evenly distributed throughout the carboxymethylation reaction.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master) | |||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) merupakan turunan dari selulosa yang dikarboksimetilasi, adalah eter polimer linier dengan gugus karboksimetil (-CH2-COOH) yang terikat pada beberapa gugus OH dari monomer glukopiranosa. Sifat fungsional dari CMC yaitu untuk pengental, stabilisator, pembentuk gel, dan pengemulsi. CMC dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk pangan emulsi karena sifatnya sebagai pengikat, penahan air, penstabil, dan juga pengental dalam produk pangan emulsi. Pada sintesis CMC terjadi 2 proses yaitu alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi. Tahap alkalisasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH yang bertujuan untuk mengaktifkan gugus-gugus -OH pada molekul selulosa dan mengembangkan selulosa sehingga pengembangan selulosa ini dapat memudahkan difusi reagen untuk proses selanjutnya, yaitu karboksimetilasi. Proses karboksimetilasi dengan penambahan ClCH2COONa serta dilakukan pengadukan menggunakan magnetic stirrer dan kemudian dilakukan pemanasan. Proses pemanasan pada tahap ini merupakan masalah yang dihadapi dalam sintesis CMC karena relatif lama. Lamanya waktu reaksi pada proses pemanasan berkaitan dengan kinetika reaksi, dimana studi mengenai kinetika reaksi mengkaji kecepatan atau laju terjadinya reaksi kimia. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan studi kinetika reaksi eterifikasi yang dibantu dengan iradiasi microwave. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan orde reaksi pada saat proses pembentukan CMC, menentukan konstanta kinetika reaksi karboksimetilasi berdasarkan perhitungan orde reaksi pembentukan CMC. Objek percobaan dalam penelitian ini adalah α-selulosa digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan CMC, isopropil alkohol sebagai media reaksi, serta proses pemanasan yang dilakukan pada proses karboksimetilasi dilakukan dengan reaktor microwave. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sintesis karboksimetilasi selulosa (CMC) berlangsung dengan mengikuti reaksi orde 1 dengan nilai energi aktivasinya (Ea) sebesar -2.567,0755 J/mol untuk percobaan pertama dan 2.564,2870 J/mol untuk percobaan kedua serta faktor tumbukan (A) sebesar 0,0715 s-1 baik percobaan pertama atau kedua. Serta dengan menggunakan iradiasi microwave, reaksi karboksimetilasi dapat berlangsung lebih cepat. Hal tersebut karena pada saat proses reaksi karboksimetilasi, panas dihasilkan dari energi listrik microwave yang berpindah dengan bantuan kipas dan elemen pemanas di sekitar microwave sehingga panas dapat mengelilingi larutan (pencampuran alkali selulosa dan natrium monokloroasetat (Na-MCA)) dan panas merata pada larutan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. | |||||||||
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alkalization, carboxymethylation, irradiation microwave, and reaction kinetics. karboksimetil selulosa (CMC), alkalisasi, karboksimetilasi, iradiasi microwave, dan kinetika reaksi | |||||||||
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) | |||||||||
| Divisions: | 08-Pascasarjana > 84104-Magister Teknik Kimia 08-Pascasarjana |
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| Depositing User: | Mrs Intan fatimah | |||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 23 Oct 2023 10:43 | |||||||||
| Last Modified: | 23 Oct 2023 10:43 | |||||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/30467 |
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