Sari, Eka and Effendy, Mohammad and Kanani, Nufus and Wardalia, Wardalia and Rusdi, Rusdi (2018) Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber of Palm Oil Industry for Bio-Hydrogen Production. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8 (3). pp. 842-848. ISSN ISSN: 2088-5334

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Abstract

Empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBf) is a type of biomass waste generated by the palm oil industry, which accounts for approximately 22-23% of the total fresh fruit produced to make CPO. Currently, the total waste of EFBf in Indonesia stands at about 5 million tons per year. It is necessary, therefore, to find solutions for utilizing this abundance. One alternative is to produce bio-hydrogen from the EFBf bio-mass waste. The early stage of the process was to convert EFBF biomass waste into bio-ethanol, which could then be subjected to high temperatures in a ‘cracking’ process to produce bio-hydrogen. The characteristics of the bio-ethanol were analysed, and it was used as Bio-ethanol Reformer, a raw material in the cracking process. The results showed that a pre-treatment process using sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 6% for 60 minutes resulted in an 86.69% elimination of lignin. Pre-treated EBFf bio-mass waste hydrolysed using sulphuric acid at a concentration of 6% for 60 minutes, produced 0.6054% glucose. The fermentation process showed 6.58% bio-ethanol. Based on the characteristics of the bio-ethanol produced in this experiment, a simulation calculation for the production of bio-hydrogen was then performed using the cracking process of bio-ethanol with specified process conditions. The simulation calculations showed that the yield of bio-hydrogen in the cracking process reached 21.4%.

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