PRATAMA, KANDIAS AHMAD MUZAQI NAFSAH (2022) SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BAJA OXIDE DISPERSION STRENGTHENED AUSTENIT SS316L DENGAN VARIASI PERSENTASE ALUMINIUM DAN WAKTU SINTER. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA.
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Abstract
In the world today, advanced reactor systems are being developed, namely Generation IV reactors which have higher efficiency characteristics compared to previous reactor generators with operating temperatures above 600oC so materials are needed that can be used at that temperature. Stainless Steel (SS) is a material with good characteristics in mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. One type of stainless steel that has high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is austenitic steel. Among the austenitic steels, SS316L has various advantages, so it is widely used as a structural material for power generation facilities including nuclear reactors. However, SS3126L steel has limited radiation resistance at high temperatures. One technique to improve the performance of steel at high temperatures is the development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels. This method allows smaller atoms to insert into larger atoms, thereby resisting dislocations. Generally use Yttria (Y2O3). In this research, ODS Austenite SS316L steel was developed. Further in this development, variations in the proportion of aluminum and sintering time were carried out. Initial synthesis, namely combining SS316L-0.5Y2O3 powder with aluminum of 2%, 4%, and 8% was milled using High Energy Ball Milling (HEM) for 30 hours with Ball to Powder Ratio (BPR) 10:1, then 3 grams of powder milling results were compacted with a loading of 10 MPa, and sintered using Arc Plasma Sintering (APS) for 7, 8, and 10 minutes. The XRD characterization results show that there is a Face Center Cubic and Body Center Cubic crystal structure. This indicates that there has been a phase transformation during the milling and sintering processes. The characterization of the SEM results shows that the grains coalesce with the addition of aluminum proportions and variations in sintering time. While the EDS characterization is to help elemental content in an area. Testing the hardness characteristics with Microhardness showed that the highest hardness was 296.66 HV and the lowest was 233.82 HV. This shows that the addition of aluminum will reduce the hardness of ODS SS316L steel. However, in this case with the addition of aluminum up to 8%, the hardness of the material is still higher compared to conventional SS316L. The results of the oxidation test with Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB) showed the lowest oxidation content of 3.14 mg/cm2 . The synthesis process has been successfully carried out which was detected from the adsorbed aluminum and oxide particles. The oxidation rate decreased with an increasing proportion of aluminum. These results indicate that it has been successful to obtain SS316L ODS steel with improved material properties according to the number of aluminum proportions and sintering variations. Keywords: Stainless Steel, ODS, Aluminum, Powder Metallurgy, Sintering, APS, Hardness, MSB
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | |||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Di dunia saat ini dikembangkan sistem reaktor maju yaitu reaktor Generasi IV yang memiliki karakteristik efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan reaktor generasi sebelumnya dengan suhu operasi di atas 600oC sehingga dibutuhkan material yang mampu digunakan pada suhu tersebut. Stainless Steel (SS) merupakan material dengan karekteristik yang baik pada sifat mekanik dan ketahanan oksidasinya. Salah satu tipe Stainless Steel yang memiliki ketahanan temperatur tinggi dan ketahanan oksidasi adalah baja Austenit. Diantara baja Austenit, SS316L memiliki berbagai keunggulan sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai bahan struktur untuk fasilitas pembangkit tenaga termasuk reaktor nuklir. Namun baja SS3126L ini memiliki keterbatasan ketahanan radiasi pada suhu tinggi. Salah satu teknik untuk meningkatkan unjuk kerja baja pada suhu tinggi adalah dengan pengembangan baja Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS). Metode ini memungkinkan atom yang lebih kecil menyisip pada atom yang lebih besar, sehingga dapat menahan dislokasi. Umumnya menggunakan Yttria (Y2O3). Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan baja ODS Austenit SS316L. Lebih lanjut pada pengembangan ini dilakukan variasi jumlah persentase aluminium dan waktu sinter. Sintesis awal yaitu memadukan serbuk SS316L-0,5Y2O3 dengan aluminium sebesar 2%, 4%, dan 8% dimilling menggunakan High Energy ball Milling (HEM) selama 30 jam dengan Ball to Powder Ratio (BPR) 10:1, kemudian 3 gram serbuk hasil milling dikompaksi dengan pembebanan 10 MPa, dan disinter menggunakan Arc Plasma Sintering (APS) dengan waktu 7, 8, dan 10 menit. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa adanya struktur kristal Face Center Cubic dan Body Center Cubic. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa telah terjadi transformasi fasa selama proses milling dan sinter. Karakterisasi hasil SEM menunjukkan butiran yang menyatu pada penambahan persentase aluminium dan variasi waktu sinter. Sedangkan karakterisasi EDS untuk identifikasi kandungan unsur pada suatu daerah. Pengujian karakteristik kekerasan dengan Microhardness menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 296,66 HV dan terendah 233,82 HV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aluminium akan menurunkan kekerasan baja ODS SS316L walaupun dalam hal ini dengan penambahan aluminium sampai dengan 8% kekerasan bahan masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan SS316L konvensional. Hasil uji oksidasi dengan Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB) menunjukkan laju oksidasi terendah sebesar 3,14 mg/cm2 . Proses sintesis telah berhasil dilakukan yang dikatehui dari partikel oksida dan aluminium yang sudah tersebar. Laju oksidasi menurun seiring dengan penambahan persentase aluminium. Hasil-hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa telah berhasil diperoleh baja ODS SS316L dengan peningkatan properti bahan sesuai dengan jumlah persentase aluminium dan variasi sinter. Kata Kunci : Stainless Steel, ODS, Aluminium, Metalurgi Serbuk, Sintering, APS, Kekerasan, MSB | |||||||||
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures |
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| Divisions: | 03-Fakultas Teknik 03-Fakultas Teknik > 27201-Jurusan Teknik Metalurgi |
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| Depositing User: | Kandias Ahmad Muzaqi Nafsah Pratama Kandias | |||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 27 Dec 2022 14:24 | |||||||||
| Last Modified: | 27 Dec 2022 14:24 | |||||||||
| URI: | http://eprints.untirta.ac.id/id/eprint/18801 |
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